Private vs Public IP addresses what differs? | Layer3 OSI Model

Hello, welcome to infosecwithcyersam. To start, we have to explain what IP Address mean. IP address, short for Internet Protocol address, is an identifying number for network hardware connected to a network. Having an IP address permits a gadget to communicate with other devices over an IP-based network like the internet. An IP address is the thing that allows us to connect to the internet and live in a modern digital world. This is a basic example of how an IP looks like 151.101.65.121 refer to IPv4 addressing and how it works

Try not to mistake it with Mac Address. Mac Address (Media Access Control Address) which is in layer2 data link of the OSI Model is a hardware identification number that distinguishes every gadget on a network. You can comprehend it as a special hardware number implanted into network card during time of manufacturing a device.

Reason for IP Addresses?

Well everything began when the internet period recently started. Specialists used IPV4 address as base for uniquely identifying the device on internet. But due to wide spread of internet and consumers possessing more than 1 device the limit of IPV4 crossed and it became a tedious task of managing the IP address over the internet. So the issue lead the Specialists thinking about an answer where they can restrict the quantity of IP Address to register because of the increase in number of gadgets and that is where public and private IP idea arose.

Public IP Address:- It is the IP address which is utilized to distinguish a gadget over the web. It is assigned by ISP(Internet Service provider) and it’s unique over the internet. Your public IP address identifies your device on the internet, and you possibly can’t go online without the need to have one.

Private IP Address:- Private IP addresses are commonly in place to establish a network connection in enterprises, offices, or residents. All gadgets such as smartphones, printers, computers, or tablets connected to an internet network have a private IP address.

A private IP address helps routers and devices identify each other, and router identification is one of the primary reasons private IP addresses were established. You might be thinking who allocates this private IP. Well the response is Router.

Router often have DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a client/server protocol that in no time connect an Internet Protocol host with its IP address.

Router utilizes NAT (Network Address Translation) which is use to change over private IP address to public IP address and viceversa. Over the Internet we utilize public IP to identify a gadget and private IP for local area network. Private IP are further classified into 3 classes shown depending upon the need of an organization.

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Due to the need for more devices, Class A IP are reserved for larger organizations. Class B is used by organizations of a medium size, and Class C is used for home or domestic use.

Using the command ipconfig for Windows or ifconfig for Linux or Mac within your command prompt or terminal, you can check your private IP address.

Conclusion

Private IP Address is set to your router brand. Public IP Address is your individual IP Address to connect to the Internet. Take note that devices in your home network (LAN) can have different Private IP Addresses while also sharing 1 Public IP Address.